金钱木的养殖方法和注意事项:金钱木耐干旱不可置于阴湿的环

植物图片 2019-06-04 14:18

金钱木(Portulaca molokiniensis)为马齿苋科植物,又称云木、金铖木。是近年来较为流行的室内观叶植物,与天南星科的金钱树在叫法上容易混淆。虽然与金钱树一“树”之差,也同是观叶植物,但是它们是两种完全不同的植物。下面我们一起来看看金钱木的种植方法与注意事项。

金钱木小盆栽

金钱木的种植方法(基本知识):

最好繁殖时间:4月份,当室外的气温达18℃以上时结合翻盆进行分株;

最好生长土壤:盆土宜用疏松透气、排水良好的微酸性土壤;

生长湿度要求:金钱木耐干旱,不可置于阴湿的环境,但冬天过于干燥可适度喷水;

最好生长气温:金钱木最适生长气温在20℃-32℃之间;

最好生长光照:金钱木对光线要求不严,可长期摆摆在室内观赏。

金钱木

养殖金钱木的注意事项:

施撒肥料:

生长期每月施一次腐熟的稀薄液肥,加入少量硫酸亚铁,以防叶子黄化。冬天移到室内光线明亮的地方,少浇水,不要施肥,维持10℃左右的室温。

浇水要点:

生长期浇水应“不干不浇,浇则浇透”。盆土不宜长期积水,否则会造成块茎腐烂。北方地域冬天因室内有暖气,空气干燥,需经常向植株喷水以增加空气湿度。

盆土更换:

钱木每两年翻盆一次,在春末夏初进行,盆土宜用排水透气的微酸性土壤,可用泥炭、粗砂或珍珠岩、炉渣加少量园土和缓释肥。因其块茎硕大、根系发达,适合用较深的花盆栽种,花盆下多放石子、瓦片等物,以利排水。栽种时可把块茎露出土面一部分,并在盆面铺一层陶粒或者小石子,以增加观赏效果。

繁殖要点:

金钱木多肉的繁殖方法有很多种分株叶插扦插都可以。

分株:金钱木的繁殖可结合翻盆进行分株,方法是从根茎间的结合薄弱处掰开,在伤口处涂上硫磺粉或草木灰,另行栽种。栽种不宜太深,块茎顶部覆土1.5至2厘米即可。也可利用其块茎带有潜伏芽的特点,将大的块茎分切成带有2至3个潜伏芽的小块,晾1天左右,等伤口干燥后栽于呈半湿状态的细沙中,等长成独立的植株后再上盆。金钱木还可用扦插方法繁殖,插穗可用单个的小叶子、单独的叶轴或一段叶轴加带2个叶子,介质可用细沙或蛭石,插后介质不要过湿,保持其稍有潮气,在25℃左右的条件下,很容易生根成活。

叶插:金钱木叶插于基质中易生根,可用于繁殖。每成熟复叶上有15-25小叶,如果用于繁殖则可大大提高繁殖率。剪取不同成熟度的小叶或双叶带总叶柄或单叶带总叶柄。用250ppm的引哚丁酸或萘乙酸浸泡过夜或用粘土混粘叶柄或叶基。插于清洁河沙床中,也可直接扦插于泥炭等基质中。扦插时叶平放或立插,扦插后保持沙床湿润。50-60天后叶柄或总叶柄基部出现膨大,随后侧部长出粗壮的新根。出根后,很快形成根群。   

扦插:当形成5-6条根以上时,从扦插床取出栽在蘑菇渣 黄泥 泥碳 河沙的基质盆中。插穗形成一定根系时,出根部中间逐渐膨大形成球状小块茎。块茎逐渐增大。部分较幼嫩的扦插叶上盆后由于高温或水分管理不好会枯黄死,但块茎能成活。老熟叶和带总叶柄插穗能保持绿色和活力。少量块茎当年出芽并长出新叶但生长势弱,生长缓慢。次年块茎会长出粗壮的新芽而生长。

金钱木

病害防治:

冻害

当冬天气温降到5℃以下,再加上盆土潮湿,易造成植物状嫩叶受冻寒而倒状,严重时会引起块茎腐烂,很难恢复生机。

防治方法:生产性栽培时,越冬期间温室气温应维持不低于10℃,并保持盆土稍呈干燥的状态。

褐斑病

此病多发于叶子上,病斑呈近圆形,灰褐色到黄褐色,边缘颜色略深。该病在高温高湿、通风不良的条件下易发生。防治方法:发现少量病叶时要及时摘除销毁、发病初期用50{bf}的多菌灵可湿性粉剂600倍液或40{bf}的百菌清悬浮液500倍液,每隔10天喷洒叶子一次,连续3~4次,防治效果较好。

防治方法:入夏后,及时将植株移放到半阴的环境中,春末夏初久雨初晴,应及早给盆栽植遮阴。

介壳虫

在通风不良、光线欠佳的环境中,金钱树的叶子易遭介壳虫的刺吸危害。

防治方法:生产性栽培时可以在其若虫孵化盛期,喷洒20{bf}的扑虱灵可湿性粉剂1000倍液,杀虫效果好。

灼伤

在炎热的夏天,或久雨初晴后的晴好天气,或长时间摆在室内刚搬到室外进行恢复性养护的盆栽植侏,直接暴露在阳光下直晒,很容易造成其肥嫩叶子被灼伤,致使其叶子部分失绿泛白,或整个叶子被灼伤,坏死部分后期变褐发黑。

金钱木

养殖金钱木的心得:

金钱木源产地非洲东部的坦桑尼亚,喜温暖湿润的半阴环境,耐干旱,忌烈日暴晒,稍耐阴,怕寒冷和盆土积水。适合在20℃至32℃生长,生长期浇水应“不干不浇,浇则浇透”。盆土不宜长期积水,否则会造成块茎腐烂。

经常向植株喷水,北方地域冬天因室内有暖气,空气干燥,更要注意这点,以增加空气湿度。

金钱木对光线要求不严,可长期摆摆在室内观赏,但新叶抽生时不能过分阴暗,否则会造成新抽的嫩叶细长,叶间距稀疏,影响观赏。夏天摆在无直射光处养护,以免新抽的嫩叶被强光灼伤。

生长期每月施一次腐熟的稀薄液肥,加入少量硫酸亚铁,以防叶子黄化,也可施用0.2%尿素加0.1%磷酸二氢钾混合液。

10月以后停用氮肥,可连续追施2至3次0.3%的磷酸二氢钾溶液,促进嫩叶轴、叶子硬化充实,有助于越冬。

冬天移到室内光线明亮的地方,少浇水,不要施肥,维持10℃左右的室温。

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