养花用什么土？不同的花要配不同属性的土壤

植物图片 2019-04-11 12:26

土壤是植物生长的基础，每种土壤都有自己不同的作用，想养好植物就要先选好土壤！你的植物搭对了土壤吗？

家庭养花用什么土

土壤种类介绍

1、园土

来源：多数取自于菜园、田园、果园等表层土壤。

园土

园土是最普通的栽培土，是微酸性土壤。保水保肥能力比较强，缺点是透水透气性差，容易板结。

2、腐叶土

来源：多数取自于树林、竹林等地方。

腐叶土

腐叶土由树木的枯枝残叶等有机物经过长时期腐烂发酵后形成的土。腐叶土质地疏松，呈酸性，含有丰富的养分，保水保肥性都比较好，适合各种绿植和开花植物栽种。

3、针叶土

来源：多数取自于松树、柏树树底等表层土。

针叶土

针叶土是在各种松树柏树底下的一层土，获取简单。针叶土呈酸性，养分含量丰富，非常适合喜酸性的花卉。可以收集一部分松针垫在底部，透水透气。

4、泥炭土

来源：多取自河湖沉积地、鱼塘地、山间谷地等。

泥炭土

泥炭土是由有机物不断积累或在淹水条件下形成的，其中部分已经炭化，颜色黑褐，呈酸性，富含有机质，有的高达80{bf}-90{bf}，可改良土壤的物理性质。它有大量的纤维腐殖酸，保水保肥的能力很强。

5、沙土

来源：多取自河滩、沙滩、建筑地等地方。

沙土

沙土也可以分成粗沙和细沙，沙土主要作用是增加透气性和排水性，没什么肥力，但是它们都是诱发植物枝条生根的很好介质，扦插的时候可以用到它们，或者掺入其他培养材料中以利于排水。

6、有机物质

来源：树皮、木屑、稻糠、锯末类。

树屑

这些有机质也可以做盆栽基质，但是必须堆放一段时间分解发酵后方可使用，否则分解过程中产生的热量和有害气体，会对植物生长产生不利的影响。

7、惰性介质

来源：购买的珍珠岩、陶粒、蛭石、火山渣、唛饭石等。

珍珠岩

这些介质没有肥力，也不分解，但可起到保水透气作用，多用作扦插、固定、或配合其它基质使用。

8、矿物介质

来源：购买的鹿沼土、赤玉土、日向石、桐生砂、植金石等。

矿物质

这些介质多用于多肉植物的种植中，它们在为多肉提供矿物质的同时，也能透水、疏松土壤。使用方法，可以混合其他介质一起种植，也可以铺面作为装饰。

植物与土壤的选择

1、喜欢疏松透气土壤的植物

一品红、万年青、常春藤、吊兰、长寿花、君子兰、凤梨等植物都喜欢疏松透气的土壤。特别是肉质根系的花卉，如果土壤不够疏松透气，容易积水板结，非常容易造成根系腐烂。

君子兰

2、喜欢酸性土壤的植物

米兰、吊兰、杜鹃、栀子花、兰花、仙客来、苏铁、山茶花、茉莉等植物，这些植物对土壤的酸碱度非常敏感。如果土壤出现碱性反应时，这些植物便出现枯黄落叶的现象，甚至死亡。当出现这种情况时，应该及时喷施浓度较高的硫酸亚铁，或者在水中加入几滴食醋，效果都不错。

栀子花

3、可耐碱性土壤的植物

月季、仙人掌、菊花、夹竹桃、扶桑、天竺葵等植物。仙人掌类植物中除蟹爪兰等一些附生型植物外，大多都具有抗碱性。

月季

8种常见营养土配方

草本植物：

园土5份、腐叶土3份、河沙2份；

木本植物：

园土5份、腐叶土4份、河沙1份；

喜酸性的植物：

针叶土4份，沙土4份，园土1份，有机肥料料1份；

兰花栽培用土：

腐叶土4份，沙土1份，有机肥料1份；

兰花土

旱生类植物：

园土2份，腐叶土3份，粗沙3份，碎瓦片颗粒1份，石灰石1份；

多肉植物：

园土2份，粗沙4份，腐叶土3份，有机肥料1份；

播种营养土：

腐叶土5份，园土3份，沙土2份；

扦插营养土：

珍珠岩2份，蛭石1份，园土1份。

家庭养花用什么土

营养土如何消毒

1、阳光消毒

光照充分的天气里，将土壤平铺在阳光下，暴晒三到四天，这样可以杀灭土壤中的病菌、害虫、虫卵等。

2、加热消毒

直接用铁锅、铁板等容器炒土，进行高温消毒。

3、开水消毒

可以用沸腾的开水浇到土壤上，反复浇几次。然后再滤干水分，稍微晾晒一下，土壤没那么粘的时候就可以拿来种花了。

4、药剂消毒

我们也可以用杀菌的药，常用的有多菌灵、百菌清、 咯菌清、恶霉灵、敌克松等杀菌药。兑水稀释后，一边喷洒，一边翻动土壤。堆集后用塑料薄膜覆盖，密封3-5天即可。

花友们学会了如何给植物配土吗？如果有什么疑问，在下方留言给植物君，大家一起聊聊！

家庭养花用什么土

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