怎么做才能让盆栽安全越冬?盆景越冬的方法

植物图片 2019-05-06 09:28

中秋已过,冬天还会远吗?各位小伙伴们该为自家的盆栽做过冬准备了。接下来让我们一起去看看怎么做才能让盆栽安全越冬。

盆景越冬的方式

盆景安全越冬的方式

1、准备时间

越冬是栽培植物环节中比较重要的一环,事关植物生死,所以要提前为盆栽准备好越冬工作。盆栽的准备工作最好就在中秋后就着手准备,避免霜降过早,弄的措手不及。

2、准备温室

若盆栽的数量比较多,不适合移进室内,可以在室外搭建一个温室。温室可以参照当地的蔬菜大棚来制作,不过要把温室加高到适合人自由走动的高度,这样就比较方便管理了。如果是早就准备好的温室要先进行一次消毒,将可能存在的害虫杀死。而如果只是几盆花的小伙伴可以直接将盆栽移至光线明亮且通风的室内环境中就好。

3、病虫害的预防

由于越冬的盆栽多数都是集中在一起,所以病虫害就特别容易大面积发生,因此在入秋后就要做好病虫害预防工作。病虫害的预防包括修剪、蟠扎、换盆、和涂等。

4、适度修剪

修剪是在落叶以后进行,要及时发现附着在枝条密集地方的虫瘿、卵块等,将干枯和蛀空的枝条一并 剪掉。蟠扎的枝条依据情况进行调整,完成造型需要的就把绑扎物去掉。没达到需要角度的,就解除原蟠扎物,换个部位进行重新蟠扎,容易退枝的树种最好把蟠扎物去掉。

5、换盆

许多露根的盆景在冬天容易东死,有必要换个大盆子把露出的根系保护起来,但是要使盆土彼此充分紧实。对所有的树种在落叶以后就要进行涂白,这样不但可以避免冻伤、还能将一些潜藏在树皮的病菌、害虫杀死。

对于无法进入温室的大盆景,可以将它们埋在避风、向阳的高燥地方,用稻草绑住枝干防寒,基本上可以安全越冬。

修剪

6、清洗花盆

盆子的清理也是不可以少的,不少昆虫在冬天选择花盆作为冬眠场所。在进温室前,把盆面上的杂草尽可能拔除,把树干和盆面上的落叶和干枯残枝清理掉,盆子上附着的泥土和杂物清理掉。有条件的可以用高压水枪冲刷盆子,务必要连同底部和边缘都清理干净。

7、保根

由于植物的根系在大自然中无限制的向地下生长,地下的气温比较稳定,地面上再冻,但地下不变,就如同冬天井水是暖的一样,耐寒植物就是得益于地温的保护,即使地上枝干部分被冻伤甚至冻死,只要根系不受冻,来年春暖,它 照样还会重新生长,所以保护根茎部是越冬成功的关键。

8、特殊对待

有些盆栽是需要特殊对待的,比如树势衰弱的老盆景、珍贵的盆景等,不能将它们粗放就要仔细对待。除了按照上述的措施以外,修剪的时候注意树体的水线走势,水线比较纤细的要保留足够多的抚养枝,观赏枝也要留有余地,还要随时观察,保持土壤的湿度适中。如果很大,通常就连盆埋到地下,土面和盆土平齐,再堆少量土埋住树本身的根茎部, 这样就可以比较安全越冬。

越冬的管理技术

通常不耐寒的植物在冬天都会进入休眠状态,基本上就不用太多的水分和肥料,所以冬天的时候要减少浇水和施肥,而且浇水的量不能太多,不然容易将植物的根系冻伤或者冻死。

室内盆栽

越冬后管理技术

让盆栽安全度过了冬天的小伙伴先不要放松,毕竟老话有说“冬天易过,春难度”。畏寒盆景冬天入室,人们对其比较小心,故易度过,而越冬盆景出室,往往由于疏忽大意或是养护不当,常造成冬天还是青枝绿叶的盆景,出室不久反而蔫萎、落叶甚至死亡。所以要做好入春准备。

1、锻炼

盆栽在室内过了一冬,多数处于休眠状态,且已习惯温暖无风的环境,猛一出室很难适应,因此,需在出室前半月增加通风透光,白天打开窗户通风,夜间关窗,保持室温6℃至12℃即可,不能太高。两周后,白天移出室外,夜间如气温过低,搬回室内,翌晨再移出,使之有一个逐步适应的过程(7天至10天)。

2、有序出室

由于各种盆景对气温的敏感程度不一样,耐寒程度不一样,因此盆景出室应分先后。耐寒程度稍强的盆景可在气温稳定在 10℃左右时出室。一些源产地热带、耐寒性差些的盆景,南方在清明前后出室,北方最好在谷雨前后出室。对不了解耐寒程度的盆景,宁晚勿早。

庭院盆景

出室后管理

1、防晒防风

盆景出室最好选择多云的天气,如在晴天出室,中午要避强光暴晒,尤其是一些夏天怕晒的盆景,如六月雪、瑞香、胡颓子等,如从室内出来,就在20℃以上的气温下强光暴晒,很可能造成日灼,叶易蔫萎黄化,甚至全株死亡。

有一些地域在春天会有倒春寒和冰雹的现象,对刚萌发嫩芽的盆景影响特别大,轻则嫩芽、幼苗冻脱水或冻坏,重则整株死亡。因此出室后如遇到春寒或冰雹(注意听天气预报),可将刚出室的盆景搬回室内,或用塑料薄膜罩上。

2、有序浇水

盆景在室内已习惯于偏干的土壤,且早春刚从休眠中苏醒过来,根部吸水功能尚在逐步恢复中,此时如浇大水,土太湿易造成烂根,特别是一些耐旱的盆景和刚开完花短时休眠的盆景,土湿更易烂根。因此盆景初出室应多向茎叶喷水少浇水,盆土比室内时稍湿润一些即可。浇水的水温以15℃左右为宜,时间以中午为好,从早春到晚春,随着气温升高和植物的生长,可逐渐增加浇水量,使之逐步适应,并满足生长需要。

3、施肥有度

春天盆景复苏,对养分的需求有一个逐步增加的过程,初出室时,根部吸肥功能尚在恢复中,此时猛施肥料,有害无益,特别是施浓肥生肥,往往造成烧根而死。因此盆景刚出室时,还是让其自然生长为好,一两周内不忙施肥,待其适应环境后再分别依据情况施肥。

有些比较耐寒的植物不必太早移动进室内,可以等天气完全变寒冷后再进行防寒工作。另外,不要以为个别植物特别耐寒就不用做防寒措施,毕竟盆栽的植物在盆土有限的情况下防寒能力是会下降的,

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