花椒什么时候种？播种分春播和秋播；秋季在土壤封冻前播种；

植物图片 2019-05-01 11:20

花椒在我国广泛分布，花期3至5月，果期7至9月。花椒的繁殖可采用播种、嫁接、扦插和分株四种方法。生产中以播种繁殖为主。那么花椒什么时间播种？下面我们一起来看看吧！

花椒

花椒什么时间播种

播种分春播和秋播。春旱地域，在秋天土壤封冻前播种为好，出苗整齐，比春播早出苗10-15天；春播时间通常在“春分”前后。7-9月种子完全成熟时采种，采种后及时在室内干燥处晾干，果皮开裂后取出种子，晾干后贮藏，防止霉变出油。

花椒种子

花椒的种子处理

（1）秋播：秋播种子处理重点是脱油处理，先将种子用沸水烫种子4～5分钟，然后迅速加入凉水至30～40℃，再将要处理的种子倒入2{bf}的碱水或1{bf}洗衣粉水浸泡2～3天脱去表层的油脂，最后用清水冲洗干净，直至种子湿度以手捏成团，触之能散为宜，种子与草木灰的比例为1：2～3，充分混匀后连灰播种。

（2）春播：春播种子要进行沙藏处理，沙藏时间以50天左右为宜，将种子与3倍湿沙混合（不可带泥），河沙湿度，以手握成团，手张由散为度。选排水良好的温暖地方，挖1米宽，40～50厘米深的沟，将种子放入，堆10～15厘米厚，再覆土10～15厘米，浇水渗透，上盖湿土，在土壤解冻后应及早播种。

花椒的种子处理

花椒的播种方法

（1）秋播：春旱地域在秋天土壤封冻前播种为好，出苗整齐，比春播早出苗10～15天。秋播时每隔24～27厘米开一条深1厘米、宽9厘米的沟，种子均匀撒入沟内，播后将两边的土培于沟上，开春后及时检查种子发芽情况，依据出芽情况及时将覆土刮去一部分。

（2）春播：春播时间通常在“春分”前后，每亩播种25千克，小畦育苗可用开沟条播，每畦4行，行距20厘米，沟深5厘米，覆土1厘米，每亩播种4～6千克，播后床面覆草保湿。春播经过催芽的种子，播后4～5天幼苗即可出土，10天左右出齐。

花椒的播种方法

花椒的苗期管理

花椒秋天育苗种子出土时间长，较春播出苗早，因此在干旱地域或苗床土壤粘重的地方，播后可采用地膜或麦草覆盖，干旱时可喷水，但不能大水漫灌，经常都保持苗床土壤湿润。当幼苗长到3～4厘米高，有3～4片真叶时进行间苗，当苗高达到10厘米时定苗，苗距5厘米左右，每亩留苗2～3万株。同时，及时灌水排涝和追肥，并做好中耕松土，改善土壤通透性，清除苗床杂草，防治病虫害，保证花椒幼苗健壮生长。

花椒的苗期管理

花椒树几年结果

花椒树两年左右结果，不过初次结果质量不是很好，而且数量也少，弱枝果穗下第一个芽发育不饱满；第二个或第三个芽发育较为健壮，在采摘时应保留第二个或第三个芽，否则影响第二年产量。

花椒

花椒几月份成熟

花椒果实成熟期通常在立秋至处暑前后。夏末秋初，酷暑袭人，正是花椒成熟采摘时节。

花椒成熟时，果皮呈紫红色或淡红色，果皮缝合线突起，少量开裂，种子黑色光亮。可闻到浓郁的麻香味，这是最适合的采收时期，采收果实通常是用手摘或剪子剪。

花椒

通过上文的介绍，我们了解的花椒种植的相关技术，希望本篇文章能帮助到你！

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