花椒种子怎样育苗？花椒种子育苗方法步骤

植物图片 2019-04-24 09:25

花椒树结果比较多，选择成熟的、品种好的饱满的种子来育苗。播种前需要人工帮助催芽，三种方法可以采用，催芽的种子出芽整齐发芽率高；播种时候保温保湿，第二年开春后依据种子情况，一步步除去覆盖物和土壤，长出幼苗后做好日常管理。

1、花椒种子育苗方法：收集种子

收集好的种子是花椒种子怎样育苗中最重要的一步，种子选的好出芽率才高。花椒的种子通常在中秋节前后成熟，采摘时要挑选长势好品种优的成熟好的果实。果实成熟好的外种皮是紫红色，内种皮是蓝黑色。收集好种子后用布袋装好挂在阴凉通风的位置保存。

2、花椒种子育苗方法：催芽

花椒种子可以春播和秋播，最好选择秋播，秋天采的种子当年播种，出芽率高，在冬天霜降之前播种。花椒的种子外壳比较坚硬，播种前需要做催芽处理，催芽的方式有三种。

方法一：将花椒种子摆在铁盆里，倒入开水水量多出花椒种子量3倍，充分均匀搅拌2分钟；然后取出浸泡在冷水里，每天换水坚持5天；再将种子捞出摆在草地上覆盖麻袋晾干，花椒种子外壳开裂即可播种。

方法二：用花椒种子2倍的湿沙子于花椒种子混合，堆成一堆覆盖麻袋或草席透气透光保温物质，每天喷水保湿翻动，种子外壳开裂就可以播种了。

方法三：用百分之五的碱水浸泡花椒种子，待外壳外面出现粘状油脂时捞出，掺入细干土或草木灰使劲揉搓，将表皮的油脂脱干净后用稀释的4%高锰酸钾浸泡消毒，然后捞出晾干后即可播种使用。

3、花椒种子育苗方法：播种

花椒种子育苗选择在背风、向阳的位置，使用的土壤要肥沃、排水好、土壤层深厚。将处理好的花椒种子均匀的撒在培土上，注意间距和行距，上面覆盖厚于4厘米的表土，再盖上枯草或麦草保温保湿。

第二年春天到来时，看下种子的发芽情况，如果有少数的种子开始萌芽，去掉一部分覆盖土保留2～3厘米厚；一周后大部分的种子都会萌芽，此时在去掉一层表土保留1厘米厚，等待出齐苗。

4、花椒种子育苗方法：管理

出庙后上面的覆盖物全部除去，幼苗长到4～5厘米高时进行间苗，同时施禽类或人类粪便等有机肥料，用施硝酸铵和尿素代替也可以，这些肥料都可以促进植株的生长。施肥的同时要浇水，病锄草、松土和预防病虫害;雨季来临时做好排水工作，冬天帮幼苗保温越冬。

专题： 育苗 花椒
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